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Double decker NHC-cyclometallated Pt complexes for highly-efficient vacuum-deposited green OLEDs and NIR emission
Irene Melendo, Lucy A. Weatherill, Antonio Martín, Piotr Pander, Fernando B. Dias, Sara Fuertes and Violeta Sicilia
Mater. Chem. Front. 2026, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D6QM00041J

The dinuclear compound [{PtII(C^C*)(μ-N^N)}2] (HN^N: diphenylformamidine; HC^C* = 3-methyl-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylidene, 3) was obtained as a pure single anti-isomer, with a Pt-Pt distance of 2.8645 Å. Under UV light, 3 reacted with haloforms to obtain the corresponding oxidized species [{PtIII(C^C*)(μ-N^N)X}2] (4-X). X-ray analysis of 4-Cl confirmed the retention of the anti-conformation and revealed a shortened Pt-Pt distance (2.6070 Å) consistent with metal-metal bonding in the Pt2(III,III) system. In addition, methylation of the electron-rich complex 3 with [Me3O]BF4 provided the mixed-valence dinuclear species [(C^C*)PtII(μ-N^N)2PtIV(C^C*)(CH3)]BF4 (5), which exhibits two distinct 195Pt NMR resonances (δ: -2373 and -3264 ppm) and a large Pt-Pt coupling constant (2155 Hz). Compound 3 shows a structureless emission band at 520 nm in 2 wt% PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)) film, with a photoluminescence decay of 1.80 μs and quantum yield of 0.90, typical of triplet metal-metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MMLCT) [d-σ*(Pt-Pt) → -π*(C^C*)] excited states. The oxidized counterparts, 4-X, display phosphorescent emissions with maxima at 960, 970 and 1055 nm in solid state at 77 K. These are tentatively assigned to triplet axial ligand-to-metal-metal charge transfer (3XMMCT) [-σ(X) → d-σ*(Pt-Pt)]. Whilst complex 5 shows no emission in either the visible or near-infrared regions at 298 or 77 K. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) incorporating 3 as a green emitter demonstrate excellent device performance, achieving a turn-on voltage of 3 V, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) reaching 22% and a maximum luminance exceeding 22 000 cd m-2.

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